Plasma gasification and disposal units
for standard and hazardous waste
PLAZARIUM MGS
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Description
The PLAZARIUM MGS mobile plasma units for waste destruction are intended for ecologically and energetically efficient recycling of carbon-containing wastes in the absence of free oxygen under the influence of extremely high temperatures in the plasma jet (~5000 °С), which ensures destruction of all the components contained in the wastes, with their full destruction into synthesis gas (mixture of carbon monoxide (СО) and hydrogen (Н2)).
The mobility of the waste destruction unit design provides for easy transportation, allows for installing the plant on a truck chassis, minimizes the volume of installation works on site, makes it possible to flexibly adjust the plant's operational parameters with minimum expenses on the plant’s adaptation to the particular enterprise’s conditions by the composition and volume of the wastes recycled.
The waste destruction unit, along with its mobility, also implies its modular construction, both in the entire manufacturing scheme and in individual elements. This allows for putting together different variants of the manufacturing scheme for the purpose of recycling of a wide range of organic and inorganic wastes on the same fundamental base, which is a 20/30/40-foot maritime transport container.
The main advantages of the PLAZARIUM MGS plasma plant for waste destruction are:- Its mobile and modular construction;
- Easy and safe installation and operation, no contact of the plant’s personnel with hazardous wastes;
- No stringent requirements to preliminary sorting, drying and preparation of the wastes;
- No ballast nitrogen and no formation of nitrogen dioxides (NO2) or nitrogen oxides (NOx);
- The simple and automated control system for the plant and for the waste destruction process;
- Possibility of open-air operation at a wide range of ambient temperatures (from - 60 ° С to + 50 °С) and at high humidity (the environmental parameters are determined by the requirements specification for development of the plasma gasification and waste destruction unit);
- Complete eco-friendliness of the waste destruction process with full destruction (99,99 %). No resins, dioxins and furans;
- Production of pure synthesis gas (СО + Н2) as it leaves the waste destruction unit;
- Possibility of operation directly at the point of collection and accumulation of waste;
- The maximum permissible emissions (MPE) comply with GOST SanPiN 2.2.112.1.1.567-96 and the EU Directive standards.
Solid and liquid wastes are supplied into the plasma gasification reactor through the leak-proof accumulation lock with possibility of waste supply speed and volume adjustment.
For toxic, chemical, bacteriological, and medical wastes, the supply is performed with completely leak-proof download through the system of additional vacuum locks, without opening the specialized container or package.
Solid and liquid wastes are supplied into the plasma gasification reactor through the leak-proof accumulation lock with possibility of waste supply speed and volume adjustment.
For toxic, chemical, bacteriological, and medical wastes, the supply is performed with completely leak-proof download through the system of additional vacuum locks, without opening the specialized container or package.The reactor of the MGS plant for plasma-chemical steam gasification and destruction of waste allows for a completely automated mode of the gasification process. Simultaneous control of all the parameters of the thermal process in different points of the plasma reactor construction, along with adjustment of the industrial plasma torches power, makes it possible to achieve full destruction of the feedstock and production of high-quality synthesis gas. The existence of an additional plasma afterburning (plasma cracking) chamber and synthesis gas decay system guarantees full destruction of all hazardous toxic and poisonous chemical compounds, including resins, dioxins and furans. You can find more detailed information in the plasma reactors, gasifiers and afterburners section. 
The reactor of the MGS plant for plasma-chemical steam gasification and destruction of waste allows for a completely automated mode of the gasification process. Simultaneous control of all the parameters of the thermal process in different points of the plasma reactor construction, along with adjustment of the industrial plasma torches power, makes it possible to achieve full destruction of the feedstock and production of high-quality synthesis gas. The existence of an additional plasma afterburning (plasma cracking) chamber and synthesis gas decay system guarantees full destruction of all hazardous toxic and poisonous chemical compounds, including resins, dioxins and furans. You can find more detailed information in the plasma reactors, gasifiers and afterburners section. 
Plasma gasification plants are equipped with the most advanced gas analysis equipment sets intended for control of synthesis gas composition, concentration of hazardous substances and mass concentration of dust in the process gas downstream of the plasma-chemical steam reforming reactor, with a plasma afterburning and synthesis gas decay chamber, a synthesis gas treatment system, and an electric and heat energy production unit (optional).
Plasma gasification plants are equipped with the most advanced gas analysis equipment sets intended for control of synthesis gas composition, concentration of hazardous substances and mass concentration of dust in the process gas downstream of the plasma-chemical steam reforming reactor, with a plasma afterburning and synthesis gas decay chamber, a synthesis gas treatment system, and an electric and heat energy production unit (optional). The functions of a gas analysis equipment set: - Taking and transporting samples from sampling points (downstream of the plasma gasification reactor, the plasma afterburning and decay chamber, the synthesis gas treatment systems and the electric and the heat energy production unit) into the gas analysis equipment cabinet located in the control room;
- Sample preparation (cooling, filtering, dehumidification, flow rate normalization);
- Measurement of concentrations of CO, CO2 , H2 , O2 , N 2 , NO2 , NO, CH4;
- Measurement of optical density of the gas-dust medium and calculation of the mass concentration of suspended particles (dust);
- Display of the measured concentrations and subsequent transfer of the information on the current values to the digital control system of the plasma gasification unit.
The functions of a gas analysis equipment set: - Taking and transporting samples from sampling points (downstream of the plasma gasification reactor, the plasma afterburning and decay chamber, the synthesis gas treatment systems and the electric and the heat energy production unit) into the gas analysis equipment cabinet located in the control room;
- Sample preparation (cooling, filtering, dehumidification, flow rate normalization);
- Measurement of concentrations of CO, CO2 , H2 , O2 , N 2 , NO2 , NO, CH4;
- Measurement of optical density of the gas-dust medium and calculation of the mass concentration of suspended particles (dust);
- Display of the measured concentrations and subsequent transfer of the information on the current values to the digital control system of the plasma gasification unit.
Power to the unit for plasma gasification and destruction of waste is supplied from the external electric power supply system (an industrial three-phase AC network with voltage of 380/400 V and frequency of 50/60 Hz). As an option, power to the plasma gasification unit can be supplied in the closed cycle from the electric and heat energy production unit.
The control room equipment includes a specialized kit for monitoring the indications of the grid electric energy quality and the supply grid outages, and a specialized uninterrupted power supply kit for all the main control systems.
In case if low-quality power supply or malfunctions in the external power grid are detected, the monitoring kit will be able to record the problem and to switch off all the equipment under load, and the uninterrupted power supply kit will be able to support the main control circuit in service, in case of power interruption or disconnection in the unit for plasma gasification and destruction of waste.
Plasma waste destruction units are equipped with devices and instruments allowing for adjustment of all the operating parameters for the processes of plasma gasification, cooling, purification, compression, storage and supply of synthesis gas, and also of heat and electric energy production, in the manual and automated mode.
The unit’s explosion and fire safety is ensured by observance of the rules and guidelines of the manual, existence of explosion-proof valves and automated nitrogen supply systems with possibility of manual control, constant monitoring of the composition of the synthesis gas produced, prevention of explosive environment formation, selection of explosion-proof versions of the constituent parts located directly in the potentially hazardous areas, and also selection of the constructional, sealing and thermal insulating materials used for manufacturing of the plant based on the conditions of their explosion- and fire-proof work in standard and emergency operation modes. -
Application
Plasma destruction of medical waste
ThePLAZARIUM MGS plasma gasification units are intended for destruction of medical waste (all the garbage produced in any medical institutions, and also in the process of carrying out medical preventive activities by the population) of classes A, B, C, D, and of different fraction composition, in specialized leak-proof containers and packages.
Any garbage class holds a great potential hazard both for the environment and for the population. For this reason, medical wastes are disinfected before disposal, so that the elements they consist of would not escape into the external environment. The thermal influence inside the plasma reactor of thePLAZARIUM MGS unit without opening the container or package, with completely leak-proof download, allows for waste destruction with the highest degree of safety.
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Destruction of chemical production wastes and wastes of chemical origin
- Laboratory drains (organic and inorganic) and chemicals;
- Wastes of crop protecting agents and disinfectants (different types of toxic chemicals and pesticides);
- Destruction of paint-and-varnish liquid wastes: wastes of organic solvents, paints, varnishes, adhesives, mastics and resins;
- Pharmaceutical production wastes;
- Galvanic sludges, electrolytes, alkali;
- Industrial-type oils, oil refinery wastes;
- Organic and inorganic acids and solvents;
- Polymeric material wastes.
Plasma gasification of petrochemical wastes
Any types of oil sludges:- Ground sludges (resulting from unforeseeable equipment malfunctions or in emergency cases),
- Near-bottom sludges (resulting from oil spill sedimentation on the bottom of vessels containing large amounts of water),
- Tank sludges (formed during its stay in different structures when transported and stored),
- Formed directly during oil extraction.
And also:- Oil refinery wastes including acid sludges,
- Worked-off greasing substances,
- Distillation residues,
- Bituminous sands,
- Removed asphalt,
- Wastes of bitumen-based and tar-based rolled roofing materials.
Petrochemical wastes are hazardous, so by choosing thePLAZARIUM MGS plasma gasification units and thePLAZARIUM HGP hybrid plasma gasification plants for their recycling or deactivation, you make provision for the highest possible level of work safety, impossibility for harmful components to escape into natural zones, and maximum eco-friendliness of the recycling process.
The plasma-thermal influence in the reactor of the plasma gasification plant produces synthesis gas and mineral residue in the form of slag. Slag can be used as a construction material, and synthesis gas can be commercialized into electric and heat energy production or into synthetic motor fuel production.
The plasma technology in thePLAZARIUM MGS units is applicable for disposal and recycling of secondary sludges and bottom sediments, because no other technology allows for doing it, and no other technology allows for completing the waste pit liquidation cycle.
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Plasma gasification of hard or brown coals, coal sludge, anthracite, mixtures of coal, oil shale and turf, with production of synthesis gas, heat and electric energy, or motor fuel
In the process of high-temperature plasma complex recycling of any mineral fuel types in thePLAZARIUM MGS plasma gasification units, the fuel’s organic matter is transformed into synthesis gas, and its mineral matter, into a set of valuable components (ferrosilicon, silicium and iron carbides). The high-energy synthesis gas produced in the process can be used for methanol synthesis with subsequent motor fuel production, as a high-grade reducing gas instead of metallurgical coke, and also as the producer gas in thermal power plants and as the gas for electrical power generation.
High-temperature plasma gasification increases the ecological and economical efficiency of coal combustion when it substitutes natural gas and mazut in the TPP’s fuel balance.
Destruction of sludge and bottom sediments from water bodies and their recycling, destruction of water conditioning, wastewater treatment and water utilization wastes, and destruction of liquid wastes from wastewater treatment facilities. - Insufficiently purified sewages from industrial enterprises and public utility companies, large livestock breeding complexes;
- Sewages from alkali, sulphate, and nitrogen fertilizer plants, lead, zinc, and nickel ore concentration plants, etc.
- Sewages from oil refineries, petrochemical plants, organic synthesis enterprises, coke-chemical works, etc.
- Sewages and sludge deposits from the housing and public utility infrastructure of cities and residential communities, formed in the process of sedimentation. Such sludge deposits are an organic feedstock for the plasma technology.
- Water and railroad transport wastewater;
- Production wastes from ore mineral mining, such as waters from mines and pits;
- Wastes from wood processing and rafting;
- Flax scutching wastes, pesticides, etc.
Plasma gasification of refuse wood and any biomass types with energy generation
- Any timber processing wastes;
- Unclaimed round timber;
- Chippings;
- Sawdust;
- Wood hunch;
- Bark.
Plasma gasification of of municipal solid waste (MSW)
ThePLAZARIUM MGS mobile units can be used at MSW landfills, as a self-contained unit or within thePLAZARIUM HGP hybrid multi-module plasma gasification plant, for plasma gasification of solid municipal household waste with synthesis gas production and its subsequent conversion into electric and heat energy.
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Plasma gasification of of municipal solid waste (MSW)
ThePLAZARIUM MGS mobile units can be used at MSW landfills, as a self-contained unit or within thePLAZARIUM HGP hybrid multi-module plasma gasification plant, for plasma gasification of solid municipal household waste with synthesis gas production and its subsequent conversion into electric and heat energy.
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Plasma gasification of biological and organic feedstock with subsequent production of heat and electric energy out of pure synthesis gas.
- Solid biofuel;
- Liquid biofuel;
- Poultry plant wastes;
- Pig complex wastes;
- Sugar factory wastes;
- Distilling plant wastes;
- Olive mill wastes;
- Other biological and organic wastes.
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SpecificationThe
PLAZARIUM MGS mobile plasma gasification unit
(plasma gasification unit):
Notes:
1 - Plasma gasification units can be produced on order, with capacity of up to 80 tons per day (HGP-3000) and up to 100 tons per day (HGP-5000).
2 - The unit’s industrial plasma system and the other energy systems provide for automatic adaptation to any input voltage within the range of 380–450 V for three phases.
3 - Plasma gasification units are designed for particular types of gas and feedstock according to the characteristics in the customer’s RS.
4 - The plasma gasification unit can work in any feedstock humidity range from 0 to 95%. Decrease of humidity to 24-30% is appropriate only for the purpose of increasing the energy balance indicators. To decrease humidity, heat energy is used in the form of steam and hot water carried away from the structures of the plasma gasification unit in the process of synthesis gas cooling, and from the structures of the electric and heat energy production unit.
5 - All the characteristics of the plasma gasification unit are manufactured in accordance with the customer’s RS.
6 - The expected useful life of the unit depends on its characteristics and completing units, and is defined in the engineering project plan. Attention! In case if the maintenance and technical support program is used, the expected useful life of the plant will be unlimited. You can read more about the maintenance program in the specialized section on the website.
7 - The structural design of the plasma gasification unit is defined by the Contractor after agreeing the overall and connection dimensions with the Customer in the engineering design for the unit, which is the first stage of the unit’s manufacturing.
The average values of the power balance and economical indicators for thePLAZARIUM MGS plasma gasification unit:
Notes:
1 - The volume of synthesis gas production depends on the type and morphological composition of the waste, and is calculated in the engineering design for the unit based on the customer’s RS. The synthesis gas can be used as active gas for heat and electric energy production, or as process gas for sale or for mixing and cheapening of natural gas.
2 - The amount of electric energy required for the plant’s auxiliary consumption depends on the type and morphological composition of the waste, and is calculated in the engineering design for the unit based on the customer’s RS.
3 - The amount of energy generated depends on the type and morphological composition of the waste, on the type of the selected electric and heat energy production unit, and is calculated in the engineering design for the unit based on the customer’s RS.
4 - The amount of electric energy for sale is defined by the arithmetic difference between the total electric energy generation and the auxiliary consumption. It is calculated in the engineering design for the unit based on the customer’s RS.
5 - Heat energy in the form of steam at 300°С and hot water at up to 100°С is an integral part of the electric energy generation process, and can be used both for waste drying and heating, and for sale for various process purposes.
6 - The average indicator of costs depends on the particular country of plant operation.
7 - The lines in the table are individual, unconnected, and depend only on the type and morphological composition of the waste.
ThePLAZARIUM MGS system for synthesis gas purification in the plasma gasification unit:
Notes:
1 - The purified gas handling capacity is defined according to the unit’s individual characteristics and the customer’s RS.
2 - The names and concentrations of components recovered/neutralized are defined according to the plant’s individual characteristics and the customer’s RS.
Gas analysis equipment set of thePLAZARIUM MGS plasma gasification unit:
Notes:
1 - The list of concentration measurement parameters is defined according to the unit’s individual characteristics and the customer’s RS.
2 - Calibration gas cylinders for correction of gas analyzer indications are included in the gas analysis equipment set and are an integral part of it within the control room.
The electric and heat energy production unit:
Notes:
1 - The electric and heat energy production unit provides for automatic adaptation to any input voltage within the range of 380–450 V for three phases.
2 - The single capacity of the engine / turbine is defined by the characteristics of the plasma gasification unit, the volume of synthesis gas produced, and demand reliability parameters depending on the total maximum capability of the electric and heat energy production unit.
3 - The maximum capacity of the electric and heat energy production unit is formed by several individual engines / turbines. The number of individual engines / turbines can be from 2 to 6 depending on the capacity value and the required service and repair reliability parameters.
4 - The volume ratio of hydrogen can be from 50 to 70 %
5 - The electric and heat energy production unit is designed to work in parallel with the common electrical network. There is an option of autonomous power supply for a plasma gasification plant for capacity values from 10 tons per day.
6 - In case of using an electric and heat energy production unit with an optional underground tank, the distances can be decreased by 50%
The synthesis gas storage and compression unit must be located no closer than 15 m (distance from above-ground tanks), 8 m (distance from underground tanks) from the factory buildings and constructions, and also from sites of operation where naked flame is used. The minimal distance to wells and overhead utilities must be no less than 5 m; to underground lines and utilities – no less than 3.5 m.
It is forbidden to locate synthesis gas storage and compression units at a distance less than 200 m from crowded places.
7 - All the characteristics of a synthesis gas storage and compression unit are individual, and manufactured in accordance with the customer’s RS. -
List of EquipmentThe
PLAZARIUM MGS mobile plasma gasification unit:
Notes:
1 - The type and configuration of the lock depend directly on the waste type.
2 - The type and configuration of the synthesis gas purification system depend directly on the waste type.
3 - A relaxation and waiting room for personnel is optional, and its supply is defined by the customer’s RS and the individual parameters of the plasma gasification unit.
4 - Plasma gasification unit is based in standard 20/40–foot containers, the number of containers can be from 1 to 5 (depending on the required destruction parameters, the waste type, and the customer’s RS).
5 - The component parts and characteristics of the unit for plasma gasification and hazardous waste destruction are manufactured in accordance with the customer’s RS.
The electric and heat energy production unit (Note 1):
Notes:
1 - For plasma gasification units with capacity values beginning with 150 kg per hour (from 3.5 tons per day).
2 - The type of engine or turbine is defined depending on the country of operation, availability of service maintenance in the country, and the plasma gasification plant configuration.
3 - The heat energy utilization unit is an optional system, and its supply is defined by the customer’s RS and the individual characteristics of the plasma gasification unit.
4 - The synthesis gas storage and compression unit is an option, and its supply is defined by the customer’s RS and the individual characteristics of the plasma gasification unit.
5 - The synthesis gas storage unit has the possibility of increasing the synthesis gas storage volume by way of re-equipment with an extra receiver connected in series to the current one, or in parallel to the system upstream of the receiver.
6 - The electric and heat energy production unit is based in standard 20/30/40–foot containers, the number of containers can be 1 and more (it depends on the required volume of compressed synthesis gas, the power supply and backup type for the plasma gasification plant, and the customer’s RS).
7 - The component parts and characteristics of the plant for plasma gasification and waste destruction are manufactured in accordance with the customer’s RS.
The unit for waste preparation for recycling (Note 1):
Notes:
1 - For municipal solid household wastes. For plasma gasification units with capacity values beginning with 150 kg per hour (from 3.5 tons per day). Supply of this unit is an option.
2 - The type and configuration of the unit for waste pre-sorting depend directly on the waste composition.
3 - A relaxation and waiting room for personnel is optional, and its supply is defined by the customer’s RS and the individual parameters of the plasma gasification unit.
4 - The waste drying system is an option and depends on the presence of a heat energy utilization unit within the electric and heat energy production unit.
5 - The unit for waste preparation for recycling is based in standard 20/30/40-foot containers, the number of containers can be 1 to 9 (it depends on the required destruction parameters, the waste type, and the customer’s RS).
6- The component parts and characteristics of the unit for waste preparation for recycling are manufactured in accordance with the customer’s RS.
